The Utah County Justice Court is established by Utah County and has the authority to deal with class B and C misdemeanors, violations of ordinances, small claims, and infractions committed within County jurisdiction.

The Utah County Justice Court Judge is initially appointed by the County Commission and then stands for retention election every six years.

The Justice Court shares jurisdiction with the Juvenile Court over minors 16 or 17 years old, who are charged with certain traffic offenses. Automobile homicide, alcohol or drug related traffic offenses, reckless driving, fleeing an officer, and driving on a suspended license are excepted. Those charges are handled through Juvenile Court.

Four person juries hear jury trials in the Justice Courts. County attorneys prosecute cases involving violations of county ordinances and state law in the county courts. Litigants and defendants often act without an attorney (pro se) in Justice Courts.

Any person not satisfied with a judgment rendered in a Justice Court is entitled to a trial de novo (new trial) in the District Court. Any Justice Court judge may be appointed by the presiding District judge to conduct preliminary examinations and arraignments for felony cases under some circumstances. Justice Courts may also have a Small Claims Department, which has jurisdiction over claims under $10,000.